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脑卒中偏瘫临床应用的支具材料种类及其生物相
作者:网站采编关键词:
摘要:文章亮点: 1 此问题的已知信息:脑出血后常见偏瘫侧腕与手指屈肌张力增高,使腕关节与手指关节伸展异常困难,为了改善屈肌痉挛状态,通常使用腕指伸展支具,下肢伸肌张力增高
文章亮点:
1 此问题的已知信息:脑出血后常见偏瘫侧腕与手指屈肌张力增高,使腕关节与手指关节伸展异常困难,为了改善屈肌痉挛状态,通常使用腕指伸展支具,下肢伸肌张力增高,使踝关节下垂与足内翻,影响患者站立与行走,为了改善伸肌痉挛状态,通常使用踝足矫形支具,有助于提高患者的运动技能。
2 文章增加的新信息:按照矫形器主要制作材料分类,可分为塑料矫形器、金属矫形器、碳纤维矫形器、橡胶矫形器、树脂矫形器、纤维矫形器等,目前国内外研究居多的为塑料矫形器和碳纤维矫形器。
3 临床应用的意义:塑料材料矫形器为低温塑料板在大约100 ℃的温度下处理,常温下恢复其硬度,具有记忆性、透明性、一致性等特点,外形美观,轻便卫生,更加符合生物力学要求,常用材料为聚乙烯和聚丙烯。金属矫形器如不锈钢、铝合金、钛合金等,其特点是强度较高,容易加工,价格便宜,耐腐蚀,缺点是均为刚性材料,冰冷,外形笨重,易诱发痉挛。碳纤维材料耐高温、耐磨擦、耐腐蚀,显著的特点是可加工成各种外形,沿纤维轴方向表现出很高的强度。
目的:探讨脑卒中偏瘫支具材料的种类及生物相容性。
方法:以“脑卒中,偏瘫,支具,材料;Cerebral apoplexy,hemiplegia,support,material”为关键词,应用计算机检索1999至2015年万方数据库、清华知网数据库、PubMed数据库,选取有关脑卒中偏瘫与支具材料生物相容性研究的文献,同一领域文献选择权威杂志或发表时间为近期的文献,依据纳入排除标准选取15篇文献进行归纳分析。
结果与结论:热塑矫形器主体采用聚丙烯材料制成,用于脑卒中偏瘫引起的足下垂,聚丙烯材料强度高、韧性好,安全无毒,半硬的足底在摆动期可以协助足尖的提起。高分子纤维材料矫形器的特点是使用简便、韧性好、强度高,透气性能好,不会影响X射线检查。碳纤维材料质轻、比强度、比模量高,抗疲劳性能好,可设计性强,安全性能好。聚丙烯和碳纤维材料踝足矫形器临床实验研究发现,脑卒中偏瘫患者佩带聚丙烯踝足矫形器后在步行距离和爬楼梯速度方面有提高,患者感觉更加平衡和安全。通过对不同材料矫形器的实验研究,可以从中获得更多患者的使用偏好,对矫形器材料今后的开发和设计有很大帮助。
辛玉甫,荣姗姗,尤爱民,胡延峰.脑卒中偏瘫临床应用的支具材料:种类及其生物相容性[J].中国组织工程研究,2015,19(30):4887-4891.
稿件接受:2015-05-02
Xin Yu-fu, Attending physician, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang , Henan Province, China
Accepted: 2015-05-02
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the types and biocompatibility of brace materials for post-stroke hemiplegia.
METHODS:A computer-based search of Wanfang, CNKI, PubMed databases was performed for articles related to post-stroke hemiplegia and biocompatibility of brace materials published from 1999 to 2015 using the keywords of “cerebral apoplexy, hemiplegia, support, material” in Chinese and English, respectively. In the same field, the articles published recently or in authoritative journals were preferred. Finally, 15 articles were enrolled in result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Thermoplastic orthoses are mainly made of polypropylene materials, which are used for foot drop caused by post-stroke hemiplegia. Polypropylene has high strength and good toughness, and it is also safe and non-toxic. Semi-rigid planta pedis can help the lift of the toe in swing phase. Orthoses made ofpolymer fiber materials are characterized by ease of use, good toughness, high strength, and good air permeability, which cannot impact X-ray examination. Carbon fiber materials have light mass, high specific strength and modulus, good anti-fatigue performance, good safety performance and good designability. Clinical trials have shown that patients wearing ankle foot orthoses made of polypropylene and carbon fiber materials have improvement in walking distance and speed of climbing stairs, and these patients also feel more balanced and secure. Experimental studies on different orthotics materials can get more patient preferences, which have a great help for the design and development of orthotics materials.
Xin YF, Rong SS, You AM, Hu YF. Brace materials for patients with post-stroke hemiplegia: categories and biocompatibility. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2015;19(30):4887-4891.
0 引言 Introduction
偏瘫是脑卒中患者常见的临床表现之一,会导致患者一侧肢体萎缩痉挛,导致步态障碍[1]。痉挛是运动神经元损伤后失去对脊髓低级中枢的控制,导致脊髓内第一级传入纤维的活动异常,以速度依赖性的牵张反射亢进为特征。抑制患者肢体肌肉痉挛是脑卒中康复治疗中纠正异常运动模式,建立正常运动模式的前提,是偏瘫患者康复的关键。阵挛是脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动功能受限的主要原因之一。脑卒中后偏瘫下肢典型的痉挛模式是小腿三头肌、胫后肌的张力增高,在步态周期支撑相,导致患膝过伸,足外侧着地,关节受力对线不良,患者常缩短患肢支撑时间,步幅缩短。在摆动相,患肢廓清困难,常通过提髋动作代偿,导致不同程度画圈,并出现患肢抖动现象,严重影响患者的步态和步行能力[2]。在临床工作上,常用支具辅助进行康复治疗,如足下垂患者辅以踝足矫形器,可明显减轻异常步态模式的程度,帮助脑卒中偏瘫患者恢复行走[3]。应用支具进行患肢的良肢位摆放,有利于患肢的早期康复[4]。
文章来源:《塑料》 网址: http://www.slzzs.cn/qikandaodu/2021/0317/909.html
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